Prediction and Assessment of Liked and Non-liked Teachers as Rated by Various Student Groups

This study was designed to: (1) determine whether the test scores on the CPI and Teacher Inventory serve as predictors of liked and non-liked teachers, and (2) determine whether various student groups (minority, Anglo, disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged) rate liked and non-liked teachers differently on each of the three variables of the Teacher Inventory. Ninety-two sophomore students, representing race and economic factors rated the 37 teachers of required sophomore subject matter classes on a Like-Dislike Scale and the Teacher Inventory. Two lists were thus generated: (1) teachers to whom various students rated as liked teachers, and (2) teachers to whom various students rated as non-liked. Both groups of teachers were administered the CPI. The data were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression equation and analysis of variance. From this study of sophomore high school teachers rated as liked and non-liked by the students, the following may be concluded: The Teacher Inventory and CPI test scores are good predictors of teachers rated liked or non-liked by various student groups. The prediction value was greater than .91. Liked teachers as compared with the non-liked teachers tend to be perceived by the students as (1) grading more fairly, (2) making class more interesting with a variety of materials and activities, (3) having better class control, (4) being able to answer more of the questions students ask, (5) planning more carefully and utilizing time better, (6) showing more of an interest in the students, (7) adjusting better to different situations that arise in class, (8) friendlier and more cheerful, (9) giving more consideration to the opinions and ideas of the students, (10) more inclined to admit when he is wrong, and (11) appearing to enjoy teaching more. Liked teachers as compared with the non-liked teachers tend to have these personality characteristics: (1) more methodical, mannerly and cautious, (2) more poised and self-confident, (3) have a better sense of personal worth, (4) more ambitious and resourceful, (5) more inclined to worry and complain, (6) more outgoing, active and impatient, and (7) younger in age (under 35). Liked teachers tend to relate well with the minority, Anglo, disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students. There is a significant difference in the minority students\u27 rating of liked teachers. They rate the teachers higher in comparison with other student groups. Non-liked teachers are significantly (.05) less effective in their teaching relationships with the minority students. On all variables of the Teacher Inventory, non-liked teachers are rated lower than liked teachers

Medical System Concept of Operations for Mars Exploration Mission-11: Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element - Human Research Program

NASAs exploration missions to Mars will have durations of 2-3 years and will take humans farther away from Earth than ever before. This will result in a paradigm shift for mission planning, spacecraft design, human systems integration, and in-flight medical care. Constraints on real-time communication, resupply, and medical evacuation are major architectural drivers. These constraints require medical system development to be tightly integrated with mission and vehicle design to provide crew autonomy and enable mission success. This concept of operations provides a common vision of medical care for developing a medical system for Mars exploration missions. It documents an overview of the stakeholder needs and goals of a medical system and provides examples of the types of activities the system will be used for during the mission. Development of the concept of operations considers mission variables such as distance from Earth, duration of mission, time to definitive medical care, communication protocols between crewmembers and ground support, personnel capabilities and skill sets, medical hardware and software, and medical data management. The information provided in this document informs the ExMC Systems Engineering effort to define the functions to be provided by the medical system. In addition, this concept of operations will inform the subsequent systems engineering process of developing technical requirements, system architectures, interfaces, and verification and validation approaches for the medical system. This document supports the closure of ExMC Gap Med01: We do not have a concept of operations for medical care during exploration missions, corresponding to the ExMC-managed human system risk: Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes & Decrements in Performance due to Inflight Medical Conditions. This document is applicable to the ExMC Element Systems Engineering process and may be used for collaboration within the Human Research Program

Recommendation for a Medical System Concept of Operations for Gateway Missions

NASAs exploration missions to cis-lunar space will establish a permanent gateway to future transport missions to Mars. These missions mandate a significant paradigm change for mission planning, spacecraft design, human systems integration, and in-flight medical care due to constraints on mass, volume, power, resupply, and medical evacuation capability. These constraints require medical system development to be tightly integrated with mission and habitat design to provide a sufficient medical infrastructure and enable mission success. This concept of operations provides a vision of medical care needs that will be used to guide the development of a medical system for the cis-lunar Gateway Habitat. This medical system will serve as the precursor to what is implemented in future exploration missions to Mars. This concept of operations documents an overview of the stakeholder needs and system goals of a medical system and provides examples of the types of activities for which the system will be used during the mission. This concept of operations informs the ExMC systems engineering effort to define the Gateway Habitat Medical System by documenting the medical activities and capabilities relevant to Gateway missions, as identified by the ExMC clinician community. In addition, this concept of operations will inform the subsequent systems engineering process of developing technical requirements, system architectures, interfaces, and verification and validation approaches for the medical system. This document supports the closure of ExMC Gap Med01: We do not have a concept of operations for medical care during exploration missions, corresponding to the ExMC-managed human system risk: Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes & Decrements in Performance due to Inflight Medical Conditions

Task and Participant Variables Predict Communication Complexity Scores (CCS): Closer Examination of the CCS

Communication Complexity Scale (CCS) scores for 269 minimally verbal participants were examined to determine if communicator behavior and task and communicator characteristics were related to scores in a manner consistent with theoretical and research evidence expectations. Each participant completed an interactive assessment with 6 joint attention tasks and 6 behavior regulation tasks. Caregivers completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results indicated (a) joint attention tasks yielded lower scores than behavior regulation tasks, (b) older participants had lower scores, (c) individuals with autism spectrum disorder scored more similarly than those without, (d) the difference between joint attention and behavior regulation scores was greater for the autism spectrum disorder group, and (e) adaptive behavior was significantly positively related to complexity scores.NIH R01 HD076903NIH U54 HD090216United States Department of Education, Institute of Educational Science (R324A160072

IMPACT Concept of Operations

NASAs future exploration missions mandate a significant paradigm change for mission planning, spacecraft design, human systems integration, and in-flight medical care due to constraints on mass, volume, power, resupply missions, and medical evacuation capabilities. These constraints require further development of the human health and performance system, which includes the medical, task performance, wellness, data, human and other systems necessary to keep the crew healthy and functioning optimally. The human health and performance system will be tightly integrated with mission and habitat design to provide a sufficient human health and performance infrastructure to enable mission success. A suite of systems engineering tools will aid in the decision making process for the development of such a human health and performance system. This Concept of Operations provides a vision for a tool suite to conduct evaluations of human health and performance system options, inform research prioritization, and provide trade study support, based on evidence, risks, and systems engineering principles. The integrated tool suite under development is IMPACT

Symbolic Play of Preschoolers with Severe Communication Impairments with Autism and Other Developmental Delays: More Similarities than Differences

Children with autism are often described as having deficient play skills, particularly symbolic play. We compared the play of 35 children with autism to 38 children with other developmental delays. All children were preschool-age and produced less than 20 different words. Results indicated no significant differences across the two groups in their play. Children with autism engaged in more conventional play, that is, putting objects together according to how the toys were constructed (e.g., pieces in a puzzle, lid on a teapot). Results also indicated high correlations between play, language, and cognitive measures. Findings indicate that play relates to language and cognitive levels yet may not discriminate children with autism and children with other developmental delays early in their development

Predicting language outcomes for children learning AAC: Child and environmental factors

Purpose To investigate a model of language development for nonverbal preschool age children learning to communicate with AAC. Method Ninety-three preschool children with intellectual disabilities were assessed at Time 1, and 82 of these children were assessed one year later at Time 2. The outcome variable was the number of different words the children produced (with speech, sign or SGD). Children’s intrinsic predictor for language was modeled as a latent variable consisting of cognitive development, comprehension, play, and nonverbal communication complexity. Adult input at school and home, and amount of AAC instruction were proposed mediators of vocabulary acquisition. Results A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that measures converged as a coherent construct and an SEM model indicated that the intrinsic child predictor construct predicted different words children produced. The amount of input received at home but not at school was a significant mediator. Conclusions Our hypothesized model accurately reflected a latent construct of Intrinsic Symbolic Factor (ISF). Children who evidenced higher initial levels of ISF and more adult input at home produced more words one year later. Findings support the need to assess multiple child variables, and suggest interventions directed to the indicators of ISF and input

The effect of sustained maternal responsivity on later vocabulary development in children with Fragile X Syndrome

Purpose The research question addressed was whether sustained maternal responsivity (a parent-child interaction style characterized by warmth, nurturance and stability as well as specific behaviors such as contingent positive responses to child initiations) was a significant variable predicting vocabulary development of children with FXS through age 9 years. Method Fifty-five mother-child dyads were followed longitudinally when children were between 2 and 10 years of age. Measures of maternal responsivity and child vocabulary were obtained at regular intervals starting at age 2.9 years. Sustained responsivity was indicated by the average responsivity measured over observations 2–5. Responsivity at the first time period, autism symptoms, and cognitive development were used as control variables. Results After controlling for development and autism symptoms, we found significant effects for sustained responsivity on receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, and the rate of different words children produced through age 9. Conclusions Maternal responsivity, which is typically a variable of interest during early childhood, continues to be a significant variable, predicting vocabulary development through the middle childhood period. Thus, responsivity is a potential target for language interventions through this age period

Stress inoculation education and counseling with patients on hemodialysis : effects on psychosocial stressors and adherence

The purposes of this study were to (a) investigate the effects of the cognitive-behavioral intervention of Stress Inoculation Education (SIE) and counseling on anxiety, depression, psychosocial adjustment to illness, perception of hemodialysis stressors, and adherence to the medical regimen, and to (b) examine the relationship of psychosocial reactions and adherence to physiological problems while on hemodialysis. Two intervening variables, interpersonal support and control, were examined to determine their influence on adherence to the medical regimen and psychosocial variables. While physical and physiological demands of hemodialysis are universal, psychosocial responses to these demands are unique. Hemodialysis requires multiple and radical lifestyle changes and the anxiety and depression experienced by many patients justify the need for examining interventions to assist with the patient's adjustment. A single-subject experimental design with multiple, repeated measures was used. Six subjects between the ages of 30 and 47, who had been on hemodialysis at least 6 weeks but not longer than 3 months, participated in six sessions of the intervention. SIE, based on the transaction model of stress as a relationship between person and environment, has three phases; i.e., conceptualization phase, skills acquisition and rehearsal phase, and application and follow-through phase

Improving Hazard Analysis and Certification of Integrated Modular Avionics

Integrated modular avionics systems present new opportunities and benefits for developing advanced aircraft avionics, as well as a series of challenges related to hazard analysis and certification. This paper addresses some of those challenges and proposes a new procedure for improving hazard analysis of integrated modular avionics systems. A significant objective of integrated modular avionics architectures is the ability to develop individual software applications independently and then integrate those applications onto one platform. It has been very difficult for both designers and certifiers to understand and predict how the system will behave when the applications are integrated into one system. Traditional fault-based hazard analysis techniques are limited with respect to this problem. Therefore, this paper uses a different technique, called Systems-theoretic Process Analysis, to identify hazardous behavior that emerges when individual applications are integrated. Systems-theoretic process analysis is a systems-theoretic hazard analysis technique that accounts for hazardous behavior due to component interaction, including cases when the components have not failed or faulted. Systems-theoretic process analysis is extended in this paper to account for behavior that emerges when software applications share data, which is a requirement in aircraft systems. The paper illustrates the new approach with an example that includes real-world avionics functions